1. dude (老兄,老哥)
dude n. 花花公子;纨绔子弟
——很多人认为该词单指“花花公子,纨绔子弟”的意思,实际上此词是叫男性年轻人的常用词,与guy的意思相同,只是guy用的范围更广。 例如:
Hey dude, look at that girl.(喂,老兄,看那个女孩。) 2. chick(女孩)
——解释
chick n. (名词)
a young chicken.小鸡
the young of any bird小鸟(任何鸟的幼雏)
a child孩子
Slang: a girl or young woman.
【俚语】少女或少妇
——容易被误解为“鸡,妓女”,实际上此词是叫女孩的常用词,语气中确实有轻佻、不尊重的倾向,但不是骂人。例如:
Look at that chick at the door. (看门口的那个女孩。) 3. freak out(大发脾气)
——解释 freak
n. 怪诞的思想、行动或事件, 畸形人, 畸形的动物或植物, 反复无常的事
adj. 奇异的, 反常的
——总是在片子中看到这个词,freak本义是“奇异的,反常的”的意思,但freak out是“大发脾气”的意思,out也可以省略,这个词在美语中很常见,老式说法是be very upset。例如:
He’s gonna freak.(他快要发脾气了。)
4. get out of here(别开玩笑了,别骗人了)
——大家很容易联想到“滚开”的意思,其实,现在很多时候都是“别开玩笑了,别骗人了”的意思,在美国片子中常可以听到。例如:
——(Man:) You look very beautiful.(你很漂亮。)
——(Girl:) Get out of here.(别骗了)
5. gross(真恶心)
——解释 gross
adj. 总的, 毛重的
n. 总额
——此词不是“混乱”的意思,字典中gross是“总的,毛重的”的意思,实际上此词是表示“恶心”的意思与gag相近,是美国年轻人一天到晚挂在嘴边的词。例如:
Yuck, what is this stuff? It looks gross.(哎呀,这是什么东西?真恶心。)
6. hello(有没有搞错)
——并不总是打招呼的意思,有时是“有没有搞错”的意思,要根据上下文来判断。 例如:
Hello, we’ll be late! (有没有搞错, 我们要迟到了) 7. pissed off(生气,不高兴)
——千万别认为是“尿尿”的意思,piss off在字典中则是“滚开, 滚蛋”的意思,实际上此词是表示“生气,不高兴”的意思,与angry同义。 例如:
Man, is that guy pissed off.(哎呀,哪家伙真的生气了。)
8. Hey, Give me five!(嗨,好啊!)
此短语非常流行,经常在大片中出现,击掌庆贺时用。 例如:
Hey, dude! Give me five! (嗨,老兄,好啊!) 9. green (新手,没有经验)
——不是“绿色”的意思,也不是“生气”的意思,有时表示“新手,没有经验”。 例子:
She’s really Green; she looks nervous. (她是新手,看起来很紧张)
10. have a crush on someone(爱上某人)
——解释crush
n. 压碎;碾碎
由于crush是“压碎, 碾碎”的意思,因此整个短语容易被误解为“对某人施加压力”的意思,实际上此词表示“爱上某人”,与fall in love with someone同义。例如:
She thinks she has a crush on John. (她认为她爱上约翰了)
英语作文写作常用短语及句子
1、 常用与开头的短语、句式
(1) with the (rapidly)growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China,the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
(2) With the (rapid)growth of (our economy/population),many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginning to surface
(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy),more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
(4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).
(5) Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…
(7) There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).
(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
(10) The possible solutions of (the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…
(11) The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…
2.常用于结尾的短语、句式
(1) It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。
(2) To conclude,we can see that (the best way/the possible solution)is。。。
(3) In short,(shortages of water,decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase rain production)。
(4) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。
(5) In a word ,there are three suggestions we must follow ,only in this way can we(achieve a great success)。
(6) It is time for us to take an active part in。。。
(7) Let us work hand in hand in hand to(solve these social problems)
3.陈述或论证观点、看法(view,point,opinion)、原因(reason、cause)、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。(method,means,measures,step。。。)、因素(factor)、利弊、优缺点(advantage,disadvantage)时常用的词语、句式:
(1)引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语:
。。。。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。。。
。。。。的原因如下;The reasons why 。。。are as follows
我的看法是。。。。My opinion is that
(2)展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语:
①、第一层次(首先)First,Firstly,In the first place,First of all ,To begin with,For one thing。
我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。
主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。
②第二层次(其次)Second ,Secondly,In the Second place,Next,Then,For another,
另一种方法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。
第二种解决方法是。。。the second solution is that。。。
③第三层次(第三点)Third,a thirdly,besides,in addition,furthermore,what is more important (3)总结性段落常用句式、词语:
最后一点 last,lastly,finally,in the last place ,last of all,in short,in brief
简言之 in a word ,in summary,to sum up
总之, in conclusion,on the whole,altogether,in all
因此, so,thus,hence,therefore。Consequently,for thee reasons
结果, in consequence,as a result
由此可见。。。 it will be seen from it that
如上所述,我们可以得出结论。。。as has been said above,we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to a conclusion that。。。
(4)将事物的正反、好坏两方面,或者将两种不同事物进行比较,对比时常用的句式、短语:
然而 while ,whereas,but,however,nevertheless
尽管如此 in spite of that,despite all this
但在另一方面 but on the other hand
与。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。
对比之下 by/in contrast
与。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。
相反 on the contrary,instead
他们的区别如下 The differences are as follows;the differences can be described as follows
A与B之间的不同在于。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exists in/consists in。。。;A is different from B in。。。
形容词的比较级
如果我们要翻译〝他比较老〞,我们不能说
* He is more old.
而一定要说
He is older.
为什么呢?这是因为英文里面的形容词有所谓的比较级规则。在下一节,我们讲一些最基本的规则。
1 最基本的规则
首先,我们要说明英文形容词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级,最基本的规则是根据音节的多少来分的。一般来说,单音节的形容词在字后面加er,就变成了比较级,加est就变成了最高级,而双音节,或双音节以上的形容词,比较级是在字前面加more,最高级则是在字前面加most,举例来说,old, smart, strong, weak, high, low等等都是单音节的形容词,他们的变化如下:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
old | older | oldest |
smart | smarter | smartest |
strong | stronger | strongest |
weak | weaker | weakest |
high | higher | highest |
low | lower | lowest |
以上的形容词,都是单音节的,以下的例子都有关双音节的形容词:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
delicious | more delicious | most delicious |
beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
correct | more correct | most correct |
stupid | more stupid | most stupid |
significant | more significant | most significant |
有一个规则必须注意,我们不能将more和er混在一齐用,以下的例子都是错的:
He is more older than I.
He is more taller than his brother.
正确的句子是:
He is older than I.
He is taller than his brother.
2 特殊的比较级规则
在上一节,我们说明了最基本的规则,那就是单音节形容词加er或est,双音节的形容词前面加more或most。但以下就是这些基本规则的例外。
(1) 单音节形容词的字是e,就直接加r或st:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
large | larger | largest |
late | later | latest |
nice | nicer | nicest |
wise | wiser | wisest |
(2) 形容词的字尾是y,而前一个子母是一个子音,则除掉y,加上ier,或iest:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
lucky | luckier | luckiest |
happy | happier | happiest |
pretty | prettier | prettiest |
dry | drier | driest |
easy | easier | easiest |
(3) 单音节形容词的字尾是子音,前一音是一个元音,则字尾必须重复一次,再加er或est:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
fat | fatter | fattest |
hot | hotter | hottest |
wet | wetter | wettest |
big | bigger | biggest |
完全不规则的变化:
英文中,有几个特殊的字,他们的比较级完全没有规则,以下是一些例子,读者必须记住:
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good | better | best |
bad | worse | worst |
many | more | most |