29 Aug


 

1. dude (老兄,老哥) 
  dude n. 花花公子;纨绔子弟
  ——很多人认为该词单指“花花公子,纨绔子弟”的意思,实际上此词是叫男性年轻人的常用词,与guy的意思相同,只是guy用的范围更广。 例如:
Hey dude, look at that girl.(喂,老兄,看那个女孩。)   2. chick(女孩
  ——解释
  chick n. (名词)
  a young chicken.小鸡
  the young of any bird小鸟(任何鸟的幼雏)
  a child孩子
  Slang: a girl or young woman.

【俚语】少女或少妇
  ——容易被误解为“鸡,妓女”,实际上此词是叫女孩的常用词,语气中确实有轻佻、不尊重的倾向,但不是骂人。例如:
Look at that chick at the door. (看门口的那个女孩。)  3. freak out(大发脾气)

   ——解释 freak
  n. 怪诞的思想、行动或事件, 畸形人, 畸形的动物或植物, 反复无常的事
  adj. 奇异的, 反常的
  ——总是在片子中看到这个词,freak本义是“奇异的,反常的”的意思,但freak out是“大发脾气”的意思,out也可以省略,这个词在美语中很常见,老式说法是be very upset。例如:
He’s gonna freak.(他快要发脾气了。)

4. get out of here(别开玩笑了,别骗人了
  ——大家很容易联想到“滚开”的意思,其实,现在很多时候都是“别开玩笑了,别骗人了”的意思,在美国片子中常可以听到。例如:
  ——(Man:) You look very beautiful.(你很漂亮。)
——(Girl:) Get out of here.(别骗了)

5. gross(真恶心
  ——解释 gross
  adj. 总的, 毛重的
  n. 总额
  ——此词不是“混乱”的意思,字典中gross是“总的,毛重的”的意思,实际上此词是表示“恶心”的意思与gag相近,是美国年轻人一天到晚挂在嘴边的词。例如:
Yuck, what is this stuff? It looks gross.(哎呀,这是什么东西?真恶心。)

6. hello(有没有搞错)

——并不总是打招呼的意思,有时是“有没有搞错”的意思,要根据上下文来判断。 例如:
Hello, we’ll be late! (有没有搞错, 我们要迟到了)  7. pissed off(生气,不高兴)

 ——千万别认为是“尿尿”的意思,piss off在字典中则是“滚开, 滚蛋”的意思,实际上此词是表示“生气,不高兴”的意思,与angry同义。 例如:
Man, is that guy pissed off.(哎呀,哪家伙真的生气了。)

8 Hey, Give me five!(嗨,好啊!) 
  此短语非常流行,经常在大片中出现,击掌庆贺时用。 例如:
Hey, dude! Give me five! (嗨,老兄,好啊!)  9 green (新手,没有经验) 
  ——不是“绿色”的意思,也不是“生气”的意思,有时表示“新手,没有经验”。 例子:
She’s really Green; she looks nervous. (她是新手,看起来很紧张)

10 have a crush on someone(爱上某人) 
  ——解释crush
  n. 压碎;碾碎
  由于crush是“压碎, 碾碎”的意思,因此整个短语容易被误解为“对某人施加压力”的意思,实际上此词表示“爱上某人”,与fall in love with someone同义。例如:
  She thinks she has a crush on John. (她认为她爱上约翰了)


英语作文写作常用短语及句子


1 常用与开头的短语、句式

(1) with the (rapidly)growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China,the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。

(2) With the (rapid)growth of (our economy/population),many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginning to surface

(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy),more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …

(4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).

(5) Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…

(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…

(7) There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).

(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something

(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…

(10) The possible solutions of (the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…

(11) The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…

2.常用于结尾的短语、句式

(1) It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。

(2) To conclude,we can see that (the best way/the possible solution)is。。。

(3) In short,(shortages of water,decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase rain production)。

(4) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。

(5) In a word ,there are three suggestions we must follow ,only in this way can we(achieve a great success)。

(6) It is time for us to take an active part in。。。

(7) Let us work hand in hand in hand to(solve these social problems)

3.陈述或论证观点、看法(viewpointopinion)、原因(reasoncause)、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。。。。(methodmeansmeasuresstep。。。)、因素(factor)、利弊、优缺点(advantagedisadvantage)时常用的词语、句式:

(1)引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语:

。。。。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。。。

。。。。的原因如下;The reasons why 。。。are as follows

我的看法是。。。。My opinion is that

(2)展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语:

①、第一层次(首先)First,Firstly,In the first place,First of all ,To begin with,For one thing。

我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。

主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。

②第二层次(其次)Second ,Secondly,In the Second place,Next,Then,For another,

另一种方法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。

第二种解决方法是。。。the second solution is that。。。

③第三层次(第三点)Third,a thirdly,besides,in addition,furthermore,what is more important  (3)总结性段落常用句式、词语:

最后一点 last,lastly,finally,in the last place ,last of all,in short,in brief

简言之 in a word ,in summary,to sum up

总之, in conclusion,on the whole,altogether,in all

因此, so,thus,hence,therefore。Consequently,for thee reasons

结果, in consequence,as a result

由此可见。。。 it will be seen from it that

如上所述,我们可以得出结论。。。as has been said above,we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to a conclusion that。。。

(4)将事物的正反、好坏两方面,或者将两种不同事物进行比较,对比时常用的句式、短语:

然而 while ,whereas,but,however,nevertheless

尽管如此 in spite of that,despite all this

但在另一方面 but on the other hand

与。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。

 

对比之下 by/in contrast

与。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。

相反 on the contrary,instead

他们的区别如下 The differences are as follows;the differences can be described as follows

A与B之间的不同在于。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exists in/consists in。。。;A is different from B in。。。


形容词的比较级

 

如果我们要翻译〝他比较老〞,我们不能说

* He is more old.

而一定要说

He is older.

为什么呢?这是因为英文里面的形容词有所谓的比较级规则。在下一节,我们讲一些最基本的规则。


最基本的规则

 

首先,我们要说明英文形容词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级,最基本的规则是根据音节的多少来分的。一般来说,单音节的形容词在字后面加er,就变成了比较级,加est就变成了最高级,而双音节,或双音节以上的形容词,比较级是在字前面加more,最高级则是在字前面加most,举例来说,old, smart, strong, weak, high, low等等都是单音节的形容词,他们的变化如下:


原级

比较级

最高级

old

older

oldest

smart

smarter

smartest

strong

stronger

strongest

weak

weaker

weakest

high

higher

highest

low

lower

lowest


以上的形容词,都是单音节的,以下的例子都有关双音节的形容词:


原级

比较级

最高级

difficult

more difficult

most difficult

delicious

more delicious

most delicious

beautiful

more beautiful

most beautiful

correct

more correct

most correct

stupid

more stupid

most stupid

significant

more significant

most significant


有一个规则必须注意,我们不能将more和er混在一齐用,以下的例子都是错的:

He is more older than I.

He is more taller than his brother.

正确的句子是:

He is older than I.

He is taller than his brother.


特殊的比较级规则

 

在上一节,我们说明了最基本的规则,那就是单音节形容词加er或est,双音节的形容词前面加more或most。但以下就是这些基本规则的例外。


(1)  单音节形容词的字是e,就直接加r或st:


原级

比较级

最高级

large

larger

largest

late

later

latest

nice

nicer

nicest

wise

wiser

wisest


(2)  形容词的字尾是y,而前一个子母是一个子音,则除掉y,加上ier,或iest:

原级

比较级

最高级

lucky

luckier

luckiest

happy

happier

happiest

pretty

prettier

prettiest

dry

drier

driest

easy

easier

easiest


(3)  单音节形容词的字尾是子音,前一音是一个元音,则字尾必须重复一次,再加er或est:


原级

比较级

最高级

fat

fatter

fattest

hot

hotter

hottest

wet

wetter

wettest

big

bigger

biggest


 完全不规则的变化:


英文中,有几个特殊的字,他们的比较级完全没有规则,以下是一些例子,读者必须记住:

原级

比较级

最高级

good
well

better

best

bad

worse

worst

many
much

more

most


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