英文经典句型（一）
1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2. 强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.
5. "something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. "It is in(with)…as in(with)"
It is in life as in a journey.
9. "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10."many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11."to make…of" 的译法 (使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13. only (not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all" "but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. "no more …than…"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为 ："与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至……还没有"。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.
16. "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等
You cannot be too careful.
18. "否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. "否定+until (till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. "疑问词+should…but "结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
24. "名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. "as…,so…"结构，这里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. "if any"结构，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有："if anything"(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，"if a day"(=at least，至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"结构，这里，"be it"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用 "let it be"。"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. "the last+不定式"和"the last +定语从词"结构，这种结构中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的"，"最不合适的"，由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个"。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. "so…that…"句型，这个句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……"，而是变通表达其含义。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. "more + than+原级形容词(副词)"结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31. "more than +动词"结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为"异常"，"岂止"，"十二分地"等。
This more than satisfied me.
32. "good and …"的副词用法，译为"非常"，"很"等。类似还有"nice and …", "fine and …," "lovely and …", "bright and …", "rare and …", "big and …"等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
33. "and that"结构，这个"and that"应译为"而且……"，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34. "at once…and"结构，这个结构译为"既……又……"，起相关连接的作用，相当于"both…and…"。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35. "in that…"结构，这个结构的意思是"在那一点上(方面)"，可译为"因为"。类似的结构还有"in this…"。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36. "the name notwithstanding"结构，这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成："notwithstanding the name"。起让步状语的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
37. "Every…not"和"All…not"结构，"Every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……"；"All…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
38. "may as well not…as"结构，此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
39. "have only to …do"结构，此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
40. "not (no) …unless…"句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
41. "better…than…"句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
42. "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是"好象"，"可以说"等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
43. 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
44. "not…any more than…"为："不能……，正如不能……"。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
45. "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是"虽然如此，尽管这样"。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
46. "if at all"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……"，"即使……"等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
47. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
48. "range from …to…"结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.
49. "the way…"结构
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
50. 复杂宾补结构
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
51. 某些分隔结构
1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当"make use of "，"take notice of"，"pay attention to"，
等动词短语变成被动语态时)。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.
2)双重定语引起的分隔。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.
52. "to be doing…when…"是一个句型，多译为"某人正在做……时，突然……"。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.
53. "too…to"句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
54. "so much that…"句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.
55. "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.
56. "not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
57. "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some
sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
58. "by doing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过(做)……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
59. 下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.
60. "what…of"句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.
61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。
It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.
62. "to have not…(as) to see…"中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.
63. "It occurred to sb. that…"意为"突然想到"，"It dawned on sb.that…"."突然想起"等。 从句是想起的内容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me - i.e. our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.
64. "It follows that…"="It happens as a result…"常常被译为"由此可见"，"因此"，"从前"，"可以推断"等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard
of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.
65. "that's all there is to it "，意思是"也不过如此而已"。可根据上下文视情况处理。
If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.
66. "The chances are that…"是一句型，译为"有可能……"。
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.
67. Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.
68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.
69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.
70. 某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.
71. 修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.
72. 一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。
Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.
本文是中高级口译考试中最经典的十个句型，供大家参考。
1. leave sb the choice of …… or …… 要么…，要么… （选择类经典句）
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.
敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.
年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。
2. be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 （使动类经典句）
The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.
全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。
他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.
能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.
3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到… （回忆类经典句）
Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.
追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。
It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term
of "Zero Ground".
追溯到1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击，从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。
4. on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一个前提… （假设类经典句）
中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.
Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.
对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。
5. be bound to 必定…；一定… （意愿类经典句）
西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。
The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large. Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.
正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。
6. a matter of sth/doing sth 与…有关的情况或问题 （描述类经典句）
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills."
请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，'贫穷'与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.
处理这些问题全凭经验。
7. This is the similar case with/when 这恰如；正如；也会 （比较类经典句）
这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.
除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling.
8. be exemplified by 这一点也证明了…；这点反映在以下事实：… （举例类经典句）
This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.
如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。 美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女 The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.
体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。
9. constitute… （不用于进行式）是；认为 （判断类经典句）
历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。
History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.
My decision does not constitute a precedent.
我的决定不应视为先例。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.
这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。
10. witness…… 见证… （发生类经典句）
a time or event witnesses sth / sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.
经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China
在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.
1. 不用说？…
It goes without saying that子句
= (It is) needless to say (that)子句
= It is obvious that子句
= Obviously, S. + V.
例︰不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
2. …是不可能的; 无法…
There is no Ving
= There is no way of Ving.
= There is no possibility of Ving.
= It is impossible to V.
= It is out of the question to V.
= No one can V.
= We cannot V.
例︰不可否认的？成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。
There is not denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
3. 我深信…
I am greatly convinced (that)子句
= I am greatly assured (that)子句
例︰我深信预防是于治疗。
I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.
4. 在各种…之中？…
Among various kinds of …, …
= Of all the …, …
例︰在各种运动中？我尤其喜欢慢跑。
Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
5. …是很容易证明的。
It can be easily proved (that)子句
例︰时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。
It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.
6. …无论如何强调都不为过
… cannot be overemphasized
例︰交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。
The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.
7. 就我的看法？…；我认为…
In my opinion, …
= To my mind, ….
= As far as I am concerned, …
= I am of the opinion that子句
例︰就我的看法？打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。
In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.
8. (A) 每个人都知道…
Everyone knows (that)子句
(B) 就我所知？…
As far as my knowledge is concerned, …
例︰就我所知？下列方法对我帮助很大。
As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.
9. 毫无疑问地？…
There is no doubt (that)子句
例︰毫无疑问地？近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
10. 根据我个人经验？…
According to my personal experience, …
= Based on my personal experience, …
例︰根据我个人经验？微笑已带给我许多好处。
According to my personal experience, smile has done me a lot of good.
11. 在我认识的人当中？也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。
Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than …
例︰在我认识的人当中？也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬。
Of all the people I know, perhaps non deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.
12. 在我的求学过程中？我忘不了…
In the course of my schooling. I will never forget …
例︰在我的求学过程中？我忘不了学习英文所遭到的大困难。
In the course of my schooling. I will never forget the great difficulty I encountered in learning English.
13. (A) 随着人口的增加？… With the increase/growth of the population, …
(B) 随着科技的进步, … With the advance of science and technology, …
例︰随着台湾经济的快速发展？许多社会问题产生了。
With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
14. (A) 在这信息的年代？…扮演重要的角色。
In the age of information and communication, … plays an important role.
(B) 在今日工业社会中？…是生命不可或缺的。
In today's industrial society, … is indispensable to life.
例︰在这信息的年代？计算机扮演非常重要的角色。
In this age of information and communication, the computer plays an extremely important role.
15. 在讨论…？一个人不得不承认…。
In dealing with …, one cannot but admit (that)子句
例︰在讨论未来的职业？一个人不得不承认尽早决定未来的职业很重要。
In dealing with one's future career, one cannot but admit that it is very important to decide one's future career as early a
16. 世上没有什么比…更令我高兴。
Nothing in the world can delight me so much as …
例︰世上没有什么比到快餐店吃汉堡更令我高兴。
Nothing in the world can delight me so much as having hamburgers in fast-food restaurants.
17. … 是必要的 It is necessary that S (should) V
… 是重要的 It is important/essential that S (should) V
… 是适当的 It is proper that S (should) V
… 是紧急的 It is urgent that S (should) V
例︰我们当保持公共场所清洁是应当的。
It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
18. 每当我听到…？我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做…？ 我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到…？我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇…？我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到… 我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.
例︰每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪？我就忍不住感到悲伤。
Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.
= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.
19. 据说… It is said (that)子句
一般认为… It is thought (that)子句
大家都知道… It is known (that)子句
据报导… It is reported (that)子句
一般预料… It is expected (that)子句
一般估计… It is estimated (that)子句
一般相信… It is believed (that)子句
例︰一般相信阅读增加我们的知识、扩大我们的心胸。
It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.
20. …的主要理由是…
The main reason why ….. is (that)子句
例︰青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。
The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.
21. 俗语说得好：「…」。
Well goes an old saying, "…"
= As an old saying goes(runs, says), "…"
= An old saying goes, "…"
= It's an old saying (that)子句
例︰俗话说得好：「诚实为上策」。
As an old saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy."
22. (A) …用下列方法… … in the following ways.
(B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.
(C) 要…？至少我们可做三件事。 To …, there are at least three things we can do.
例︰(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。
I increase my confidence in the following ways.
(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。
People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.
(C) 为了维护健康？我们每天至少可做三件事。
To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.
II. 用于文章承转句
23. 那就是(说)…；亦即…
That is to say, …= That is, …= Namely, …
例︰我们生活需有规律。也就是说？早睡早起？戒除烟酒。
We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.
24. (A) 基于这个理由？… For this reason, …
(B) 为了这个目的？… For this purpose, …
例︰基于这个理由？我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。
For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.
25. 我们有理由相信…
We have reasons to believe (that)子句
例︰我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。
We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.
26. 事实上？…
As a matter of fact, …
= In fact, …
例︰事实上？健康才是最重要。
As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.
27. (A) 例如？… For example, …
(B) 拿…做例子 Take … for example.
例︰例如？我们盲目地提高生活水准？却降低生活品质。
For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.
28. 此外？我们不应忽视…
Besides (In addition), we should not neglect …
例︰此外？我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。
In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.
29. 相反地？…
on the contrary, …= by contrast, …
例︰相反地？少数学生似乎还在鬼混。
On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.
30. 另一方面？…
on the other hand, …
例︰政府应严格执法？另一方面？大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。
The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.
31. 然而？很可惜的是…
However, it is a pity that子句
例︰然而？很可惜的是他总是临时抱佛脚。
However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.
32. 换言之？…
in other words, …
= to put it differently
例︰换言之？我会尽最大的努力达成我的目标。
In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal.
33. 别人可能认为这是事实？但我不是。我认为…
It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that子句
例︰别人可能认为这是事实？但我不是。我认为…
It may be true as assumed by others, but I don't. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.
34. 从此之后？我已发现…
Ever since then, I have found that子句
例︰从此之后？我已发现…
Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.
35. 这样说来？假如...？当然毫无疑问地…。
In this light, if…, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句
例︰这样说来？假如我们能善用时间？当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。
In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.
36. 更严重的是？…。
What is more serious is (that)子句
例︰更严重的是？我们不珍惜野生动物。
What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.
37. 鉴于社会的实际需要？…。
In view of the practical need of society, ….
例︰鉴于社会的实际需要？愈来愈多人对学英语有兴趣。
In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.
III. 用于文章结论句
38. 如果能实践这三点？…。
If one can really put the three points into action (practice), …
例︰如果能实践这三点？…。
If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.
39. 做这些简单之事？我们一定可以…。
By doing these simple things, we surely can ….
例︰做这些简单之事？我们一定可以快乐出门平安回家。
By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.
40. 如此？我相信…。
In this way, I believe (that)子句
例︰如此？我相信大家能够像我一样？享受乘坐公车的乐趣。
In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.
41. 实践这些？…。
By putting them (the above) into practice, ….
例︰实践这些？在智育方面我一直能不断进步。
By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.
42. (A) 唯有符合此三项要求？我们才能…。
Only by living up to the three requirements, can we ….
(B) 唯有通力合作？我们才能…。
Only with combined efforts, can we ….
例︰唯有通力合作？我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌。
Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.
43. 最后？但并非最不重要？…。
Last but no least, ….
例︰最后？但并非最不重要？教育上的缺失是助长青少年犯罪的原因。
Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.
44. 这证据显示～的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of ～ cannot be overemphasized.
例︰这证据显示交通安全的重要性在怎么强调都不为过。
This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.
45. 由于这些理由？我…。
For these reasons, I ….
例︰由于这些理由？我认为在台湾接受大学教育是明智的。
For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.
46. 总而言之？…。
In conclusion, …
= To sum up, …
例︰总而言之？好国民应该遵守交通规则。
In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.
47. 因此？我们能下个结论？那就是…。
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句
例︰因此？我们能下个结论？那就是世上自由罪珍贵。
We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.
48. 如果我们能做到如上所述？毫无疑问地？…。
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句
例︰如果我们能做到如上所述？毫无疑问地？我们就能精通英语。
If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English
49. 因此？这就是…的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why ….
例︰因此？这就是我重感冒的原因。
Thus, this is the reason why I caught a bad cold.
50. 所以？我们应该了解…。
Therefore, we should realize (that)子句
例︰所以？我们应该了解学英文不能没有字典。
Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.
51. 因此？由上列的讨论我们可以明了…。
We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句
例︰因此？由上列的讨论我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。
We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.
52. 1. 从～观点来看？…。 From the ～ point of view, ….
2. 根据～的看法？…。 According to ～ point of view, ….
例︰从政治的观点来看？这是一个很复杂的问题。
From the political point
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作文是各类英语考试中得分率最低的题型之一。同学们在掌握了一定的作文模板，和基本的语法、词汇、句型用法之后，如果能在作文中创造一些词汇和句型的闪光点，必定会使你的作文如虎添翼！
高分作文标志
1：是否长短句交叉；
2、是否会使用插入语；
3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；
4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；
5、句型使用是否准确、地道。
下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项：
1.适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实, 句子开头不要总是用we / I (比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ) 举个经典结尾2004年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.
2.善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。 如however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
比如说： Other individuals, however, take the attitude that …
3. 一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等)比如上面例子中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one’s competitive edge替换enhance one’s competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)
下面举一篇南京工程学院某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了，作文有了很大的提高。
Computer and I By Simmy
I never forget the exceedingly thrilling day when my mother bought me a computer as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i indulged myself in googling an army of useful information i had expected ,and enjoy a sea of melodious classic music. That night I was sleepless, feeling that the whole world belonged to me.
exceedingly 替换 very
thrilling 替换 exciting
sth. exert a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb. be interested in sth.
google 替换 search
an army of 替换 a lot of
The dawn of the new century witnessed the increasing popularity of computers. Coincident with the advancement of science and technology, computers pouring into the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no exaggeration to say we have been submerged by them, in large measure!
The dawn of the new century witnessed 是一个精彩句型，用来描述在某个时期发生了什么事情； Increasing popularity 替换 more and more popular
Coincident with … 非常地道的句型，表达“与…一致”的意思，替换 With …
Advancement 替换 development
Pour into ( flood into / swarm into )替换 enter into
Current ( currently )替换 now
Appeal to sb. 替换 sb. be interested in sth.
Growing individuals 替换 more and more people
It is no exaggeration to say 经典句型， 说某事是毫不夸张的
For a start, we can, freely, search desired information at any moment . Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. Additionally, we can get huge recreations online by chatting, playing games, or delivering email.
For a start 替换 To begin with
We can, freely, search 用了插入语的写作手法
our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 用了非常精彩的被动
Additionally 替换 In addition / Besides
Deliver 替换 send
There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, in a way, especially the growing violence ,***, porn pictures, AV-films emerging on the screen , which leads quiet a few net citizens to copying.
There is no denying that , however, computers can function in the disservice of human beings, 这个句子有三个精彩之处，首先There is no denying that这个句型，还有however作为插入语， function in the disservice of 替换 do harm to
Emerging 替换 appearing ( fading 替换 disappearing )
Net citizen 网民，属于精彩用词
As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds. Computers do play a positive role in the development of people' lives, despite a slice of unfavorable impacts. We should ,therefore, take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.
No garden has no weeds 替换 Every coin has two sides
Computers do play ，do 强调
Positive 替换 important / good 等
A slice of 替换 a part of
Unfavorable 替换 bad
Impacts 替换 effects / influences
We should, therefore, take advantage of … 使用插入语
Fruits (而且fruits 用的非常形象， merits/ virtues) 替换 advantage ( defects 替换 disadvantage )
Facet 替换 aspect
以下是30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考一下。
1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising
(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad
如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,
hold the view that, it is widely shared that,
it is universally acknowledged that)替think
(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly
13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换want.
24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction替换communication
28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
一至七条为图表句型.
一． 上升增长
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二． 下降，减少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三． 起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四． 稳定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 To 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that… eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五． 成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六． 占百分之几，几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
g. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七． 倍数
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圆盘比例型图表 例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .
八.原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ]
4….（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语]
7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（结果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九．采取措施，提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……。到那个时候，……。[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好]
十．方式，比较
1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.
十一. 让步
1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.
2. unless…not… [ 让步从句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑]
十三. 强调句
1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不过；只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)
十四. 假设
1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态]
eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.
十五. 反问
1. What else can …? ……..还能做什么呢?
eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢?
2. How could ……? 怎能….
eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?
十六. 比较
1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y
eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.
2. ……more…, less…
eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.
十七. 否定
1. 双重否定
not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的
not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的
not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的
(尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点)
2. by no means 并没有;当然不
3. no longer/more 不再
eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.
十八. 程度
1. all the more 更加
eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn’t it?
eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that…
2. more than 做副词, 意为 “多过…”, “比…以上”, “比…更”
eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.
3. more than you can… 远超过你…
eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受.
十九. 论相互关系
1. A have much(nothing) to do with B
2. A be closely related to B
3.A be directly bound up with B
4. a definite link between …and…
二十一.直陈观点
1. more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
2. beyond description 无法描述
eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.
3. There is no point(use) in doing… …是没有任何意义的.
4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 当(我们)一方面…., 而另一方面…
eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不
eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised.
8. be bound to
eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.
9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然
10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg. “success” is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.
11…. (现象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.
12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.
13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴)
14. from the …point of view 从…角度来看
eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看
15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必须根除以…
eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.
16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角
eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.
17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年江泽民的七.一讲话).
18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one’s vision and give full play to one’s intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年江泽民的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开放:reform (and) opening-up等)
19….demonstrate the value of one’s life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上)
20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点)
21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为….
22 It is no denying the fact that…. 无可否认…
23….. , so…that…
eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it.
eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.
二十二. 辨证分析
1. Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. From one side,…. from the other side,…. 正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二的)”.从一方面看….. 从另一方面来看….. 二
十三. 比喻,拟人
1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance.
2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power.
二十四.副词
1. admittedly 应当承认:
Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.
2. simply 简而言之:
The answer is simply money.
3. discreetly 小心谨慎地:
point out discreetly that…
4. conceivably 可以想象地:
Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.
5. surely 肯定地:
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.
6. eagerly 渴望地
7. increasingly 不断增长地
While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
8. honestly: 诚实地:
the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利
9. certainly: 当然地
As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但是如果…
英语高级句型
I. 否定句 II. 判断句 III. 祝愿祈使句 IV. 感叹句 V. 疑问句
VI. 数词句型 VII. 关联指代 VIII. 比较句型 IX. 比喻句型
I. 否定句
1. 主语+否定谓语，not + 同前主语 用语加强否定语气。
I’ll not do such a thing, not I.
He won’t break his word, not he.
Tom can’t speak Russian, not he.
2. 主语+否定谓语+much less/still less +词组或从句 用语进一步否定。
I could not assent to, much less participate in such proceedings.
He doesn’t like music, still less/much less dancing.
I didn’t even see him, still less/much less shake hands with him.
3. 主语+否定谓语+to say nothing of/not to speak of/not to mention +名词
主语+否定谓语+let alone+名词或从句 用语进一步否定。
He doesn’t know English, to say nothing of German or French.
I don’t know algebra or geometry, not to mention calculus.
I never thought of it, let alone (much less/still less) did I do it.
4. 半否定词+or/if+否定代词或副词 表示半否定或让步否定。
Few, however, if any, besides the King himself, believed that Hermione was quilty.
I saw little or nothing of him after you were gone.
She seldom or never (if ever) made a mistake.
Peter read little or nothing (little if anything) in summer vacation.
Mr. Morris seldom or never went out.
5. 主语+cannot + but/choose but/help but +动词原型 意为“不得不，别无选择”。
I cannot but admire his courage.
We can’t (choose) but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology they are ahead of us.
We can’t but read books to increase our knowledge.
6. （There be）No+主语+but+谓语+其它 双重否定表示强烈之肯定。
（其中but 相当于who...not, that...not, which...not）
There is no man but has his faults.
(There is no man who doesn’t have his faults.
There is no man without faults.
All men have faults.)
(There is) Nobody but has his faults.
There is no rule but has exceptions.
There is nobody but knows this matter.
7. A分句（否定）+ but + B分句（肯定） 借否定来强调肯定。
It never rains but pours.
She never comes but she brings us something to eat.
They never met but they fought.
8. 主语+be + the last + 名词+从句/to do
He is the last person to say that.
You are the last woman that I want to marry.
That is the last place where I expected to have met you.
Lying is the last thing that he is likely to do.
II. 判断句
9. 主语+can’t+谓语+too+形容词/副词 表示强烈之肯定。
You can’t read too much/ many books.
We can’t be too careful.
Nobody can have too many friends.
She can never have too many dresses.
10. 主语+谓语+no other than/none other than/ none but+宾语/表语 强调判断句。
The man was no other than John.
We depend on none but ourselves.
11. 主语+be nothing +else but/else than/less than+表语 强调判断句。
He is nothing but a paper tiger.
The situation is nothing else but/than fine.
That is nothing less than a miracle.
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
12. 主语+be not A, but B./ 主语+be +B+ and (but) not A. 选择判断句。
I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.
The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don’t know.
It is yours, and not mine.
It is not mine, but yours.
13. (It is) Not that A + but that B. 选择判断句。
It is not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.
Not that we are afraid of Americans, but that they are afraid of us.
It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create a people, but the people who create heroes and more history onward.
14. So far from being ..., 主语+谓语 选择判断句。
So far from being a help, he is a hindrance.
So far from being ashamed of it, he takes pride in it.
So far from being true, the news is false.
15. 主语+be + less A than B./ 主语+be+ more B than A. 比较判断句。
Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal.
It is even more a picture that a poem.
He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.
He is more angry (not angrier) than frightened.
16. 主语+be+B rather than A. 与其说，不如说。比较判断句。
He is an ordinary worker rather than a leader.
He is rather diligent than clever.
The patient was worse rather than better.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
17. 主语+ be not so much A as B. 与其说，不如说。比较判断句。
He is not so much a scholar as a writer.
It is not so much a help as advice.
A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.
18. 主语+ be being +doing. 故意, 有意。
She is being kind.
They are being friendly.
Tom is being naughty.
He is being good/helpful/a fool.
19. 时间 + see/witness +宾语 拟人表达。
The twenties century saw the rapid development of IT.
The happy May witnessed their grand wedding.
1976 saw the loss of two great men in China.
III. 祝愿祈使句
20. Be so kind/good as to do sth. 委婉的请求。
Be good/kind enough to do sth.
Be so kind/kind enough to shut the door.
Be so good as to come and join us.
Be good enough (so good as) to help me with my English.
21. Supposing/Suppose主语+动词原形 类似let，但更委婉。
Suppose we try to do it my way.
Suppose we start tomorrow.
Supposing we go for a swim.
Supposing we buy a car.
22. Long live +第三人称主语 ...万岁。
Long live the people!
Long live our motherland!
23. May +主语 +动词原形 祝愿。
May you return soon.
May he be happy.
May she never repent this act.
(May) God bless you.
24. 名词 to 名词 祝愿。
Glory to the people!
Success to you!
Best wishes to you!
A happy journey to you!
25. If only +主语 + 虚拟谓语 若...就好了。
If only Mao Zedong were still by our side to see this with his own eyes!
If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!
If only I could see her again!
26. O/Oh/Ah, + that 从句（虚拟）
O/Oh/Ah, + to be +表语
O/Oh/Ah, + 虚拟谓语 +主语 虚拟的愿望。
Oh, that she could come back to life again!
O that he were a live and could see this!
Ah, to be in England now that April is there!
O to be a boy again!
O were he only here!
O had I wings!
27. Be+主语 +表语
表语 + be +主语 书面语的愿望。
Be ours a happy meeting!
Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!
So be it! (So may it be. Be it so.)
Blessed be he that spares these stones and curst be he that moves my bones.
28. Would (that) +主语 +虚拟谓语 祝愿。虚拟的愿望。
Would (that) it were otherwise!
Would that they were safe home again!
Would I were a woman!
Would that I were young again!
IV. 感叹句
29. To think that + 从句（虚拟谓语）意外而感叹。
To think that you should fail!
To think that I should be s insulted!
To think that I knew nothing about it!
To think that you are/were so careless!
30. Fancy + 动名词 表示“真想不到”。
Fancy meeting so many friends here!
Fancy his doing a thing like that!
Fancy his making such a wonderful speech!
Fancy (that)! Just fancy!
V. 疑问句
31. 疑问词+in the world/on earth/the devil/ever ...? 强调疑问句。
What in the world do you mean?
Who on earth told you that?
Who the devil is he?
Where ever did you lose it?
Who ever wants it?
32. 疑问句+do you think/did you say/can you guess/do you suppose + 其它？疑问句中插入成分。
What do you think I should do first?
How old were you then, did you say?
How many books, can you guess, did he buy the other day?
33. 肯定陈述，+ 肯定反问 修辞性反问以加强语气，非反意问句，故无需作答。
肯定反问中的动词须重读。
We are old friends, not strangers, right?
So you have seen the film, have you?
She is a sweet girl, is she?
34. 疑问词位置不在句首 特殊疑问句的灵活运用。
Five times what number makes 20?
You are twenty-what this year?
He is your who?
You bought a what yesterday?
He went all the way where?
VI. 数词句型
35. 用exactly/clear/sharp 精确整数。
The cloth measures ten yards exactly.
It’s now exactly ten o’clock.
It’s ten sharp.
It takes me three clear days.
36. about /or so/ more or less/ some 约指整数。
About ten thousand cars were produced.
He wrote some 800 books.
During the past ten years or so, the production has increased by 90 %.
It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.
37. 年龄表达
I am 20.
I am 20 years old.
I am 20 years of age.
I am aged 20 (years).
My age is 20 (years).
He entered school at the age of 5.
He became plump at 50.
He graduated at 20 years of age.
He is a girl of 18 (years old).
He is a man aged 20 years.
They are under/below 7 years of age.
She is in her teens.
38. 计量表达
The tree is about 60 feet high (in height).
long—in length wide—in width
thick—in thickness heavy—in weight
high(物)—in height tall(人)—in height
deep—in depth across—in breadth(宽度)
across—in diameter(直径) across—in radius(半径)
This room measures 60 feet (in length) by 15 feet (in breadth).
VII. 关联指代
39. On (the) one hand, ... and on the other (hand) ... 同一事物之两面。
On the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other, I am your comrade and friend.
They have been blamed on the one hand and lauded on the other.
On the one hand, you shouldn’t be shy; on the other hand, you mustn’t forget your manners.
40. two (both) ... the one (and) the other...
two (both) ...the former, the latter...
two (both) ...the first, the second...
two (both) ...that, this...
two (both) ...those, these... 先后两事物。
I have two brothers; the one (former) is fifteen, and the other (latter) is eleven.
Work and play are both necessary to health; this (the latter) gives us rest, and that (the former) gives energy.
They keep horses and cattle, those for riding, and these for food.
41. first...second...third...lastly...
firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
one...two...three...four... 序列。
First, I wish both of you good health. Second, I wish both of you success in your work; and third, I wish both of you good luck in everything.
What do we need in order to really win? We need three things: first, arms, second, arms, third, arms and arms again.
VIII. 比较句型
42. 某些形容词-or + to + 被比对象 特殊比较级句型。
His strength is superior to/greater than mine.
Socialism is superior to capitalism.
My knowledge is inferior to/less than his.
Is your father senior to mine?
Colored people are by no means inferior to white people.
His arrival is posterior to that of my friend.
43. Better...than... “宁可，最好”，It is被省略。
Better late than never.
Better to do well than to say well.
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.
Better die standing than live kneeling.
44. choose A before B 优先选择。
A hero should choose death before dishonor.
I am willing to work myself to death before I give up.
I would do anything before that.
IX. 比喻句型
45. like, as 比喻。
He stood there like a tree.
Use a book as a bee does a flower.
A year has gone as a tortoise goes heavy and slow.
46. A is to B as C is to D.
A to B is what C is to D. 比喻
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
Air is to us what/as water is to fish.
47. (Just) As/What +喻体, so/that +本体 比喻
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
What salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation and literature.
What blood vessel is to a man’s body, that railway is to transportation.
As food is to man, so manure is to crops.
48. A to B is as ... as C to D. 同等重要性比喻。
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food to the body.
He walks as if he were as blind as a beetle.
A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier.
49. may as well ... as ... 类似比喻。
You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.
She might as well love a dream as fall in love with me.
One might as well expect the leopard to change his spots as expect the wolf to change its nature.
50. as...as 形容词活用。
It is as hot as hot can be.
He works as hard as hard can be.
She’s as beautiful as beautiful can be.
